Fei-Fei Li has offered a clear framework for understanding robotics, emphasizing their purpose over their appearance. Robotics are defined as “embodied machines” that operate by perceiving, interpreting, and acting within a three-dimensional physical environment.

According to Li, the fundamental unifier of all robotics is spatial intelligence — the capacity enabling robots to carry out physical tasks and collaborate with humans in real-world settings.

Historically, humanity has operated in a single, tangible 3D world. New advancements in 3D modeling and reconstruction, however, are removing